1. Energy Source: This provides the power to drive the circuit. Examples include batteries, generators, and power outlets.

2. Conductor: This allows the flow of electricity. Common conductors are wires made of copper or aluminum.

3. Load: This is the component that uses the electrical energy to perform a specific function. Examples include light bulbs, motors, and speakers.

4. Control Device: This regulates the flow of electricity in the circuit. Examples include switches, resistors, and transistors.

These four components work together to create a complete circuit. The energy source provides the power, the conductor carries the current, the load uses the energy, and the control device manages the flow.