1. Fuses: These are simple devices containing a wire with a low melting point. When excessive current flows through the fuse, the wire melts and breaks the circuit, preventing damage to other components.

2. Circuit Breakers: These are more sophisticated devices that use an electromagnet or bimetallic strip to interrupt the circuit when excessive current flows. They can be reset after the fault is cleared, making them reusable.

Both fuses and circuit breakers are crucial for electrical safety, protecting appliances and wiring from overheating and potential fires.