In financial markets, a conventional instrument refers to a traditional financial product or asset that has been widely used and accepted for a long time. Conventional instruments are typically standardized and regulated, with well-established market practices and infrastructure in place.

Examples of conventional instruments include:

1. Stocks: These represent ownership shares in a company and can be traded on stock exchanges. Stocks provide investors with the potential for capital appreciation and dividend income.

2. Bonds: Bonds are debt securities issued by governments, corporations, or financial institutions. They provide investors with fixed income payments (coupons) over a specified period and the return of principal at maturity.

3. Currencies: Currencies are the official means of exchange for a country or a region. They are traded in the foreign exchange (Forex) market, which is the largest financial market in the world.

4. Commodities: Commodities are raw materials or agricultural products that are traded on futures exchanges. Examples include oil, gold, silver, copper, wheat, and soybeans.

5. Options: Options are financial contracts that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price on or before a specified date.

6. Futures Contracts: Futures contracts are standardized agreements to buy or sell a specific asset at a predetermined price on a specified future date.

These are just a few examples of conventional instruments. While there are numerous variations and innovations within each category, conventional instruments generally follow well-established rules and regulations, making them familiar and widely accepted by market participants.