By Paul Dohrman • Updated Mar 24, 2022
Electroplating involves depositing metal ions from a solution onto a charged surface. Because plastic is non‑conductive, it cannot be plated directly. The usual approach is to first coat the plastic with an electrically conductive layer—such as metallic paint—before performing true electroplating.
Begin by thoroughly cleaning the plastic component to remove oil, grease, and any contaminants. A multi‑step cleaning regime typically uses a sequence of acidic and basic solutions, with a water rinse between each step to eliminate residual chemicals.
Next, roughen the surface to promote metal adhesion. Two common methods are:
Submerge the roughened part in a palladium chloride solution. The palladium acts as a catalyst, creating a thin seed layer that enables subsequent electroplating.
With the seed layer in place, the part can be electroplated in the usual manner. Typical sequences include a copper underlayer followed by the desired final metal—gold, chrome, nickel, etc.
Commercial conductive paints are available from suppliers such as Acheson Colloids and Cybershield. These formulations provide a uniform conductive film on the plastic surface.
Clean the plastic as described above, then apply the conductive paint evenly. Allow the paint to cure according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Proceed with the same electroplating sequence used in the electroless method: an initial copper layer followed by the chosen finish metal.
The Standards for Electroplated Plastic handbook is the definitive reference for this process. For a chrome finish, consider vacuum metallizing—a technique used for mylar balloons—especially if the item will be exposed to water or wear.
Chrome plating solutions are highly toxic and require specialized handling. Avoid performing chrome electroplating in a home setting. Detailed safety guidelines can be found on finishing.com and related resources.
