Acids are substances with a sour taste and a pH below seven. They react with bases to produce salts. Inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochloric and sulfuric) and organic acids (e.g., formic and acetic) behave the same chemically: when a base is added, the acidic and basic properties are neutralized, leaving a neutral solution. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and lime (calcium hydroxide) are inexpensive, readily available bases that effectively neutralize most household acids.
Don safety goggles, an acid‑resistant apron, and rubber gloves. Keep a jug of fresh water nearby to rinse any accidental splashes immediately.
Dissolve 4 to 5 cups of baking soda in a 5‑gallon bucket that contains about one‑quarter full of water. Slowly pour the acid into the bucket while stirring. The reaction will fizz; continue adding the acid until the fizzing subsides, indicating that the acid has been neutralized. Dispose of the resulting solution in accordance with local hazardous‑waste guidelines. For small spills, sprinkle baking soda or lime directly onto the spill until the fizzing stops, then absorb the residue.
Use dry sand or earth to absorb the neutralized liquid. Transfer the absorbed material to a chemical‑waste container that is labeled and sealed. Follow your municipality’s regulations for hazardous‑waste disposal.
