Yes, absolutely! A substance can have the same empirical and molecular formula. This happens when the substance is already the simplest whole-number ratio of its elements.

Here's why:

* Empirical Formula: Represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

* Molecular Formula: Shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Examples:

* Water (H₂O): Both the empirical and molecular formulas are H₂O. The molecule itself is already the simplest ratio of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

* Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Again, the empirical and molecular formulas are the same (CO₂).

In summary: If a substance is already in its simplest form, the empirical and molecular formulas will be identical.