The chemical reaction between aluminum (Al) and copper sulfate (CuSO₄) is a single displacement reaction. It results in the formation of aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) and copper metal (Cu).

Here's the balanced chemical equation:

2 Al + 3 CuSO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3 Cu

Explanation:

* Aluminum is more reactive than copper. This means it can displace copper from its compound.

* Aluminum atoms lose electrons (oxidation) and become aluminum ions (Al³⁺).

* Copper ions (Cu²⁺) in the copper sulfate solution gain electrons (reduction) and become copper atoms.

* The sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻) remain unchanged and combine with the aluminum ions to form aluminum sulfate.

Observation:

* When you mix aluminum and copper sulfate solution, you will observe a reddish-brown coating of copper metal forming on the surface of the aluminum.

* The solution will change color from blue (due to CuSO₄) to colorless (due to Al₂(SO₄)₃).

* The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat and the solution may become slightly warm.

Note: This reaction is a good demonstration of the reactivity series of metals. Aluminum is higher in the reactivity series than copper, so it can displace copper from its compound.