1. Balanced Chemical Equation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ammonia and hydrochloric acid is:
NH₃(g) + HCl(g) → NH₄Cl(s)
2. Molar Masses:
* Molar mass of NH₃ = 14.01 g/mol + 3(1.01 g/mol) = 17.03 g/mol
* Molar mass of HCl = 1.01 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol = 36.46 g/mol
3. Stoichiometry:
The balanced equation shows a 1:1 mole ratio between NH₃ and HCl. This means that for every 1 mole of NH₃, you need 1 mole of HCl to react completely.
4. Calculate Moles of Ammonia:
* Moles of NH₃ = (mass of NH₃) / (molar mass of NH₃)
* Moles of NH₃ = 0.20 g / 17.03 g/mol = 0.0117 mol
5. Calculate Moles of HCl:
* Since the mole ratio is 1:1, moles of HCl = moles of NH₃ = 0.0117 mol
6. Calculate Mass of HCl:
* Mass of HCl = (moles of HCl) * (molar mass of HCl)
* Mass of HCl = 0.0117 mol * 36.46 g/mol = 0.43 g
Therefore, you would need approximately 0.43 grams of HCl to react completely with 0.20 grams of ammonia gas.
