* Loss of Electrons: Cations are formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons. This loss of electrons reduces the overall negative charge within the atom.
* Reduced Electron-Electron Repulsion: With fewer electrons, the remaining electrons experience less repulsion from each other. This allows the electron cloud to contract, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.
* Stronger Nuclear Attraction: The loss of electrons also means the positive charge of the nucleus is no longer fully shielded by the electrons. This stronger nuclear attraction pulls the remaining electrons even closer, further shrinking the atomic radius.
Example:
Sodium (Na) has a larger atomic radius than its cation, sodium ion (Na+). When sodium loses one electron, it becomes Na+, and its electron cloud contracts, leading to a smaller ionic radius.
