Group 2 Elements (Alkaline Earth Metals)
* Calcium (Ca²⁺) - Found in bones, teeth, and plays a role in muscle contraction.
* Magnesium (Mg²⁺) - Found in chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis.
* Barium (Ba²⁺) - Used in fireworks for green color.
* Strontium (Sr²⁺) - Used in fireworks for red color.
Transition Metals
* Iron (Fe²⁺) - Present in hemoglobin, responsible for oxygen transport.
* Copper (Cu²⁺) - Used in electrical wiring and plumbing.
* Zinc (Zn²⁺) - Important for immune function and wound healing.
* Manganese (Mn²⁺) - Involved in metabolism and bone formation.
Other Examples
* Lead (Pb²⁺) - A toxic heavy metal.
* Mercury (Hg²⁺) - A toxic heavy metal.
* Nickel (Ni²⁺) - Used in batteries and alloys.
* Cobalt (Co²⁺) - Found in vitamin B12.
How to determine the charge of an ion:
* Group 1 Elements (Alkali Metals): +1 charge
* Group 2 Elements (Alkaline Earth Metals): +2 charge
* Halogens (Group 17): -1 charge
* Oxygen (Group 16): -2 charge
* Transition Metals: Varying charges, often determined by the compound they form.
It's important to note that the charge of an ion can be determined by its position on the periodic table and its electron configuration.
