Here's a breakdown:
* Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons. In the case of water (H₂O), each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom.
* Oxygen has six electrons in its outer shell and needs two more to become stable.
* Hydrogen has one electron in its outer shell and needs one more to become stable.
* By sharing electrons, both oxygen and hydrogen achieve a stable outer shell configuration.
This sharing of electrons creates a strong attraction between the atoms, forming a covalent bond. This bond is strong enough to hold the water molecule together.
