When sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are combined, they form sodium chloride (NaCl), which is commonly known as table salt.

This is a classic example of an ionic bond, where the sodium atom loses an electron to become a positively charged ion (Na+) and the chlorine atom gains an electron to become a negatively charged ion (Cl-). These oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other, forming a stable compound.