The process that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules is called hydrolysis.

Here's how it works:

* Water (H₂O) is added to the large molecule.

* The bonds holding the molecule together are broken.

* The large molecule is split into smaller molecules.

Here are some examples of hydrolysis:

* Digestion: Our bodies use hydrolysis to break down food molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

* Cell respiration: Hydrolysis is involved in the breakdown of glucose during cell respiration to produce energy.

* Polymer synthesis: Hydrolysis is used to break down polymers into their monomer subunits, which can then be used to build new polymers.

Important Note:

Hydrolysis is the opposite of dehydration synthesis, which is the process of building larger molecules from smaller molecules by removing water.