* Carbon dioxide (CO2): Provides the carbon atoms that are used to build sugars.

* Water (H2O): Provides the hydrogen atoms needed for sugar production and also serves as a source of electrons.

* Light energy: Provides the energy needed to drive the chemical reactions of photosynthesis.

These raw materials are transformed into glucose (C6H12O6), a type of sugar, and oxygen (O2) as a byproduct.