Here's how it works:
1. DNA contains the genetic code: The instructions for building proteins (which are made of amino acids) are stored in DNA.
2. Transcription: A copy of a specific gene (a segment of DNA) is made in the form of mRNA. This process is called transcription.
3. Translation: The mRNA molecule travels out of the nucleus and to the ribosomes, where it is read. Each three-nucleotide sequence (codon) on the mRNA codes for a specific amino acid.
4. Amino acid assembly: Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons on the mRNA. The ribosome then links these amino acids together to form a protein.
So, mRNA is the "messenger" that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it is used to make amino acid chains that form proteins.
