What is an Ion?
An ion is an atom (or group of atoms) that has gained or lost one or more electrons. This change in the number of electrons causes the atom to have a net electrical charge.
* Cations: Atoms that *lose* electrons become positively charged ions called cations.
* Anions: Atoms that *gain* electrons become negatively charged ions called anions.
Your Examples:
1. Mg (Magnesium): Magnesium tends to lose two electrons to become a cation with a +2 charge (Mg²⁺).
2. C (Carbon): Carbon is not typically found as a simple ion. It often forms covalent bonds to share electrons rather than gaining or losing them.
3. Na (Sodium): Sodium tends to lose one electron to become a cation with a +1 charge (Na⁺).
4. Cl (Chlorine): Chlorine tends to gain one electron to become an anion with a -1 charge (Cl⁻).
Key Takeaway: Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge.
