Metabolism encompasses all the biochemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. It can be broadly divided into two categories:
* Anabolism: Constructive processes that build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input. Examples include protein synthesis and the building of carbohydrates.
* Catabolism: Destructive processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. Examples include the breakdown of glucose for energy and the digestion of food.
Metabolism is essential for life and allows organisms to:
* Obtain and utilize energy
* Build and maintain their structures
* Respond to their environment
* Reproduce
