There isn't a single, specific scientific name for decomposition. It's a broad process with various aspects studied under different scientific disciplines.

Here are some terms used in different contexts:

* Biodegradation: This term is commonly used in microbiology and environmental science to describe the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.

* Saprotrophic decomposition: This term focuses on the role of saprotrophic organisms (like fungi and bacteria) in breaking down dead organic matter.

* Putrefaction: This term often refers to the decomposition of animal tissue, particularly involving foul-smelling products.

* Humification: This term refers to the process of organic matter breaking down into humus, a stable component of soil.

So, depending on the specific context, you might use different terms to refer to decomposition.