The process of breaking larger molecules into smaller ones is called hydrolysis.

Here's a breakdown:

* Hydro refers to water.

* Lysis means breaking down.

So, hydrolysis literally means "breaking down with water".

How does hydrolysis work?

Water molecules are involved in breaking the bonds between monomers (the building blocks of larger molecules). One part of the water molecule (H) attaches to one monomer, and the other part (OH) attaches to the other monomer, effectively breaking the bond between them.

Examples of hydrolysis:

* Digestion: Our bodies use hydrolysis to break down food molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller units that can be absorbed.

* Breakdown of starch: Starch, a complex carbohydrate, is broken down into simpler sugars like glucose through hydrolysis.

* Breakdown of proteins: Proteins are broken down into amino acids through hydrolysis.

Let me know if you have any more questions about hydrolysis!