1. Prophase: This is the initial stage where the replicated chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.
2. Metaphase: In this phase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell along the metaphase plate, with the spindle fibers attached to their centromeres.
3. Anaphase: The sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles of the cell. This effectively separates the replicated chromosomes, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set.
4. Telophase: The final stage where the chromosomes reach the poles of the cell, the nuclear envelope reforms around them, and the cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis) to form two distinct daughter cells.
While not officially a fifth phase, cytokinesis is often considered alongside telophase as it overlaps and marks the completion of cell division.
