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  • Transition Metals: Cations vs. Anions - Understanding Their Behavior
    Transition metals typically form cations.

    Here's why:

    * Electron Configuration: Transition metals have a partially filled d orbital. They tend to lose electrons from their s and d orbitals to achieve a more stable electron configuration. This loss of electrons results in the formation of positively charged ions (cations).

    * Electropositivity: Transition metals are generally electropositive, meaning they have a tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.

    * Oxidation States: Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states, which is a direct result of their ability to lose different numbers of electrons.

    Examples:

    * Iron (Fe) forms Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ cations.

    * Copper (Cu) forms Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ cations.

    * Zinc (Zn) forms Zn²⁺ cations.

    Exceptions:

    * Some transition metals can form anions in specific conditions. For instance, manganese (Mn) can form the MnO₄⁻ (permanganate) anion.

    However, the formation of anions by transition metals is less common than the formation of cations.

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