* Isotopes: These are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means they have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon.
* Ions: These are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, giving them a net electrical charge. For example, a sodium ion (Na+) has lost an electron and has a positive charge.
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