Materials:

* The solid object

* A graduated cylinder

* Water

* A balance or scale

Procedure:

1. Measure the Mass:

* Use the balance to carefully measure the mass of the solid object. Record this value (in grams).

2. Fill the Graduated Cylinder:

* Fill the graduated cylinder partially with water. Note the initial water level (in milliliters).

3. Submerge the Solid:

* Carefully lower the solid object into the graduated cylinder, making sure it is fully submerged.

* Observe the new water level.

4. Calculate the Volume:

* Subtract the initial water level from the final water level. This difference represents the volume of the solid object (in milliliters).

5. Calculate the Density:

* Divide the mass of the object (in grams) by its volume (in milliliters).

* The result is the density of the solid, expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL).

Example:

Let's say you have a rock:

* Mass: 50 grams

* Initial water level: 25 mL

* Final water level: 35 mL

Calculation:

* Volume: 35 mL - 25 mL = 10 mL

* Density: 50 grams / 10 mL = 5 g/mL

Therefore, the density of the rock is 5 g/mL.

Key Points:

* Accuracy: Make sure your measurements are as accurate as possible.

* Sinking: The object must sink in water to displace the water accurately.

* Irregular Shapes: This method works well for objects with irregular shapes because it measures the volume directly by displacement.