1. Intake: Air is drawn into a compressor from the surrounding environment.
2. Compression: The compressor uses mechanical energy (often from an electric motor or an internal combustion engine) to increase the pressure of the air. This can be done using several methods:
* Rotary Screw Compressors: Two intermeshing screws rotate, trapping air pockets and forcing them into a smaller space, increasing pressure.
* Reciprocating Compressors: A piston moves within a cylinder, compressing the air as it moves.
* Centrifugal Compressors: Air is drawn into the center of a rotating impeller with blades, which impart velocity and pressure to the air.
* Scroll Compressors: Two spiral-shaped scrolls rotate against each other, trapping and compressing the air.
3. Cooling: As air is compressed, it heats up. This heat needs to be removed to prevent damage to the compressor and to improve efficiency. Coolers, often with fans or water, are used to cool the compressed air.
4. Storage: The compressed air is typically stored in a large tank called an air receiver. This allows for a consistent supply of air, even if the compressor is not running continuously.
5. Distribution: The compressed air is then piped to its various uses throughout the facility, often with pressure regulators to control the pressure.
Why compress air?
Compressed air provides several advantages:
* Power: It can be used to power pneumatic tools, air motors, and other machinery.
* Control: The pressure can be easily controlled, making it ideal for precise operations.
* Safety: Compressed air is generally safer than other sources of power, such as electricity.
* Versatility: It can be used for a wide variety of applications, including cleaning, drying, and even breathing.
Important Note: The quality of compressed air is important for its intended use. Contamination with dust, moisture, and oil can be detrimental. Filtration and drying systems are often employed to ensure clean, dry air for sensitive applications.
