This reaction is reversible:

CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃

Here's a breakdown of the process:

* Forward reaction: CO₂ dissolves in water and reacts with water molecules to form carbonic acid.

* Reverse reaction: Carbonic acid can decompose back into CO₂ and water.

The equilibrium of this reaction depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and the concentration of reactants and products.

Importance of this reaction:

* Ocean acidification: The dissolution of CO₂ in the ocean contributes to the acidification of seawater, which has significant impacts on marine ecosystems.

* Human physiology: Carbonic acid plays a crucial role in regulating blood pH in humans.

* Carbonation: This reaction is responsible for the fizz in carbonated beverages.