* Reacts with air: Sodium reacts readily with oxygen in the air to form sodium oxide (Na₂O). This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat, which can further accelerate the reaction and potentially lead to a fire.
* Reacts with water: Sodium reacts violently with water, producing hydrogen gas (H₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This reaction is highly exothermic and can result in explosions.
* Reacts with other substances: Sodium is also reactive with many other substances, including acids, halogens, and even some organic compounds.
To prevent these reactions, sodium is stored in inert substances like:
* Mineral oil: This is a common method because mineral oil is chemically unreactive with sodium and doesn't allow oxygen or water to come into contact with the metal.
* Kerosene: Similar to mineral oil, kerosene is a good inert substance for storing sodium.
* Nitrogen gas: A nitrogen atmosphere can be used to store sodium, as nitrogen is an unreactive gas.
By storing sodium in these inert substances, we ensure that it remains stable and prevents potentially dangerous reactions.
