Primary Reaction:
The main reaction is a substitution reaction where a bromine atom replaces a hydrogen atom on the ethanol molecule. This is a free radical reaction, meaning it involves the formation of highly reactive species called radicals.
Steps:
1. Initiation: Bromine molecules (Br2) are broken down by light or heat into bromine radicals (Br•).
2. Propagation: Bromine radicals react with ethanol to form an ethyl radical (CH3CH2•) and HBr. The ethyl radical then reacts with another bromine molecule to form bromoethane (CH3CH2Br) and another bromine radical.
3. Termination: The reaction is stopped when two radicals combine to form a stable molecule.
Overall Reaction:
CH3CH2OH + Br2 → CH3CH2Br + HBr
Additional Considerations:
* Conditions: The reaction requires the presence of a catalyst like red phosphorus or ultraviolet light to initiate the free radical formation.
* Yield: The yield of bromoethane is generally low due to the formation of side products.
* Side Reactions: The reaction can lead to the formation of other products like diethyl ether and dibromoethane.
Summary:
The main product of the reaction between ethanol and bromine is bromoethane (CH3CH2Br). However, the reaction is complex and can yield other products depending on the reaction conditions.