1. Carbohydrates: These are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and serve as a primary source of energy for living organisms. They also provide structural support in plants and animals. Examples include sugars, starches, and cellulose.
2. Lipids (Fats and Oils): These are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a higher proportion of hydrogen to oxygen compared to carbohydrates. Lipids store energy, provide insulation, and form cell membranes. Examples include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
3. Proteins: These are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Proteins have diverse functions, including building and repairing tissues, transporting substances, catalyzing reactions (enzymes), and providing defense. They are made up of amino acids linked together in long chains.
4. Nucleic Acids: These are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They carry genetic information and are essential for the synthesis of proteins. Examples include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
These four classes of organic compounds are the building blocks of life and are essential for the survival and functioning of all living organisms.
