1. Electronic Configuration:
* Fluorine has an atomic number of 9, meaning it has 9 electrons.
* Its electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁵
2. Orbital Diagram:
* 1s orbital: This orbital holds a maximum of 2 electrons. Represent it as a circle with two arrows pointing in opposite directions (up and down) to represent the spin of the electrons:
* ↑↓ (1s)
* 2s orbital: This orbital also holds a maximum of 2 electrons:
* ↑↓ (2s)
* 2p orbitals: There are three 2p orbitals (2px, 2py, and 2pz), each capable of holding 2 electrons.
* Since fluorine has 5 electrons in its 2p subshell, we fill them in as follows:
* ↑ ↑ ↑ (2px, 2py, 2pz)
* ↓ (2px)
Complete Orbital Diagram:
```
↑↓ (1s)
↑↓ (2s)
↑ ↑ ↑ (2px, 2py, 2pz)
↓ (2px)
```
Key Points:
* Hund's Rule: Electrons fill individual orbitals within a subshell before pairing up in the same orbital.
* Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. This means that each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
