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  • Nitrogen Bond Angle in Ammonium (NH₄⁺): Understanding the Geometry
    The angle around nitrogen in the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is approximately 109.5 degrees.

    Here's why:

    * Hybridization: The nitrogen atom in ammonium is sp³ hybridized. This means that its 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals combine to form four equivalent sp³ hybrid orbitals.

    * Tetrahedral Geometry: These four sp³ hybrid orbitals are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry, with the nitrogen atom at the center and the four hydrogen atoms at the corners of the tetrahedron.

    * Bond Angle: In a perfect tetrahedron, the angle between any two bonds is 109.5 degrees.

    Therefore, the angle around nitrogen in ammonium is approximately 109.5 degrees.

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