1. Produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution: When sodium hydroxide dissolves in water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). These hydroxide ions are responsible for the basic properties of the solution.
2. Accept protons (H+): According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, a base is a substance that accepts protons. Hydroxide ions readily accept protons to form water molecules (H2O).
3. Increase the pH of a solution: The presence of hydroxide ions in solution increases the pH, which is a measure of acidity or alkalinity. A higher pH indicates a more basic solution.
4. React with acids to form salts and water: Sodium hydroxide reacts with acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), to form a salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) and water. This is a characteristic reaction of bases.
5. Have a slippery feel: Sodium hydroxide solutions feel slippery to the touch due to the reaction of hydroxide ions with the skin's oils, producing soap-like substances.
In summary, sodium hydroxide is a base because it produces hydroxide ions in solution, accepts protons, increases the pH, reacts with acids, and has a slippery feel.
