* Polar Covalent Bonds: Occur when two atoms with different electronegativity share electrons. The more electronegative atom pulls the shared electrons closer, creating a partial negative charge (δ-) on that atom and a partial positive charge (δ+) on the other atom.
Let's analyze each molecule:
* Cl₂ (Chlorine gas): Chlorine atoms have the same electronegativity. The bond is nonpolar covalent.
* CaO (Calcium oxide): Calcium is a metal, and oxygen is a nonmetal. This forms an ionic bond, not a polar covalent bond.
* N₂ (Nitrogen gas): Nitrogen atoms have the same electronegativity. The bond is nonpolar covalent.
* SO₂ (Sulfur dioxide): Sulfur and oxygen have different electronegativities (oxygen is more electronegative). This creates polar covalent bonds between sulfur and each oxygen atom.
Therefore, SO₂ (Sulfur dioxide) has polar covalent bonds.
