Ionic bonding occurs when one atom completely transfers an electron to another atom. This creates ions:
* Cations: Positively charged ions formed when an atom loses an electron.
* Anions: Negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains an electron.
The opposite charges of the ions then attract each other, forming a compound.
Here's an example:
* Sodium (Na) has one electron in its outer shell and readily loses it to become a positively charged sodium ion (Na+).
* Chlorine (Cl) has seven electrons in its outer shell and readily gains one electron to become a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-).
The attraction between the Na+ and Cl- ions forms the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), or table salt.
In summary:
* Covalent bonding: Sharing electrons between atoms.
* Ionic bonding: Transferring electrons between atoms.
So, while covalent bonding is common, not all compounds are formed by sharing electrons. Ionic bonding plays a crucial role in the formation of many important compounds.