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  • Energy Required to Solidify Benzene: A Step-by-Step Calculation
    Here's how to calculate the energy required:

    1. Calculate the energy needed to cool benzene to its melting point:

    * Specific heat capacity of liquid benzene: 1.74 J/g·K

    * Temperature change: 322.0 K - 278.7 K = 43.3 K (278.7 K is the melting point of benzene)

    * Energy: (94.4 g) * (1.74 J/g·K) * (43.3 K) = 6980.6 J

    2. Calculate the energy needed to freeze the benzene:

    * Enthalpy of fusion of benzene: 127.4 J/g

    * Energy: (94.4 g) * (127.4 J/g) = 12023.8 J

    3. Calculate the energy needed to cool the solid benzene:

    * Specific heat capacity of solid benzene: 1.18 J/g·K

    * Temperature change: 278.7 K - 73.7 K = 205.0 K

    * Energy: (94.4 g) * (1.18 J/g·K) * (205.0 K) = 22866.4 J

    4. Calculate the total energy:

    * Total energy: 6980.6 J + 12023.8 J + 22866.4 J = 41870.8 J

    Therefore, you need to remove 41870.8 J of energy from the benzene sample.

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