Protons and electrons themselves don't make oxygen and nitrogen molecules glow. It's the interaction of these particles with energy that causes the glow. Here's how it works:

* Excitation: When oxygen or nitrogen molecules are exposed to a source of energy, like heat or electricity, their electrons absorb the energy and jump to higher energy levels. This is called excitation.

* Emission: The excited electrons are unstable and want to return to their ground state. When they do, they release the absorbed energy in the form of light.

* Color: The specific color of light emitted depends on the amount of energy released, which is determined by the specific energy levels involved in the transition.

Examples:

* Lightning: The high voltage in lightning excites nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the air, causing them to emit light and create the characteristic lightning bolt.

* Aurora Borealis: Charged particles from the sun interact with the Earth's magnetic field and excite atmospheric gases, creating the vibrant displays of the aurora.

* Neon Signs: Electricity excites the gas inside the tube, causing it to emit a specific color of light.

Important Note: It's not just protons and electrons, but the entire molecule's behavior that contributes to the glow.