The group in the periodic table that contains an element that can form a blue sulfate compound is Group 1 (Alkali Metals).

Specifically, copper (Cu), which is a transition metal, forms a blue sulfate compound called copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O). This compound is commonly known as blue vitriol and is a bright blue crystalline solid.

While other elements in Group 1 can form sulfates, they are typically white or colorless.