Explanation:

Solubility in water depends on the ability of a substance to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

* Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) has a smaller hydrocarbon chain compared to butanol, making it more polar and allowing it to form stronger hydrogen bonds with water.

* Butanol (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) has a longer hydrocarbon chain, making it less polar and reducing its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water.

As a result, ethanol has a higher solubility in water than butanol.

Solubility in water:

* Ethanol: Miscible (infinitely soluble)

* Butanol: Slightly soluble

Key Factors Affecting Solubility:

* Polarity: Polar compounds are more soluble in polar solvents like water.

* Hydrogen Bonding: The ability to form hydrogen bonds increases solubility in water.

* Size of the Hydrocarbon Chain: Larger hydrocarbon chains reduce polarity and decrease solubility.