This reaction occurs in equilibrium:
CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3
Carbonic acid is a weak acid that plays an important role in many biological and geological processes, including:
* Regulation of blood pH: Carbonic acid helps buffer the blood, keeping its pH within a narrow range.
* Formation of limestone: Carbonic acid dissolves calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a major component of limestone, leading to the formation of caves and other geological features.
* Ocean acidification: The absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere into the ocean forms carbonic acid, which increases the acidity of the ocean, impacting marine life.
