1. Dissolution: This is the process where certain minerals in rocks are dissolved by acidic water. A common example is the dissolution of limestone (calcium carbonate) by carbonic acid, which forms caves and sinkholes.

2. Oxidation: This is a chemical reaction where elements like iron in rocks combine with oxygen. This creates iron oxides, like rust, which weakens the rock structure and changes its color.

3. Hydrolysis: This is the breakdown of minerals in rocks through reaction with water molecules. This can lead to the formation of new minerals, often clay, which can weaken the rock and contribute to its disintegration.