Here's why:
* Electronegativity: Chlorine is more electronegative than bromine, meaning it attracts electrons more strongly. This creates a partial negative charge (δ-) on the chlorine atom and a partial positive charge (δ+) on the bromine atom.
* Dipole-dipole interaction: The partial positive end of one BrCl molecule is attracted to the partial negative end of another BrCl molecule. These attractions are weaker than covalent bonds but still significant in influencing the physical properties of BrCl.
While dispersion forces also exist between all molecules, they are weaker than dipole-dipole forces in BrCl because of its significant polarity.