1. Iron is more reactive than copper. This means iron has a stronger tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.
2. When iron is placed in a copper sulfate solution, the iron atoms will displace the copper ions from the solution.
3. The iron atoms donate electrons to the copper ions, causing the copper ions to gain electrons and become neutral copper atoms.
4. The iron atoms become iron ions (Fe²⁺) and dissolve in the solution.
5. The copper atoms precipitate out of the solution as a reddish-brown solid.
The chemical equation for this reaction is:
Fe(s) + CuSO₄(aq) → FeSO₄(aq) + Cu(s)
In simpler terms:
* Iron + Copper sulfate → Iron sulfate + Copper
This process is used in the extraction of copper from its ores. The copper sulfate solution is obtained by dissolving copper ores in sulfuric acid. Iron is then added to the solution to displace the copper, resulting in a copper precipitate and an iron sulfate solution.