* Nitrogen (N): Nitrogen typically forms three covalent bonds. This is because it has five valence electrons and needs three more to achieve a stable octet configuration. Examples include ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen gas (N2).
* Oxygen (O): Oxygen typically forms two covalent bonds. It has six valence electrons and needs two more to complete its octet. Examples include water (H2O) and oxygen gas (O2).
Important Note: While these are the most common bonding patterns, there are some exceptions, such as the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) where nitrogen can form different numbers of bonds.
