1. Composition: Mixtures have variable compositions, meaning the ratio of the components can change. Compounds, on the other hand, have a fixed and definite composition. For example, you can have a mixture of salt and pepper with varying proportions of each, but table salt (NaCl) always has one sodium atom for every chlorine atom.
2. Properties: Mixtures retain the individual properties of their components. For example, a mixture of sand and water will still have the properties of sand (gritty texture) and water (being liquid). Compounds, however, have entirely new properties distinct from their constituent elements. For example, water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature, while hydrogen and oxygen, its constituent elements, are gases.
1. Filtration: This method separates solid particles from a liquid using a filter paper. The liquid passes through the filter while the solid particles are trapped behind it. This is useful for separating sand from water.
2. Evaporation: This method separates dissolved solids from a liquid by heating the mixture. The liquid evaporates, leaving the solid behind. For example, you can separate salt from salt water by evaporating the water.
3. Distillation: This method separates liquids with different boiling points. The mixture is heated, and the liquid with the lower boiling point vaporizes first, leaving the other liquid behind. The vapor is then cooled and condensed to obtain the separated liquid. This is useful for separating ethanol from water.
4. Magnetic Separation: This method separates magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials using a magnet. The magnetic material is attracted to the magnet, while the non-magnetic material remains unaffected. This is useful for separating iron filings from sand.
