Reaction:
Ca(s) + CuSO₄(aq) → CaSO₄(aq) + Cu(s)
Explanation:
* Calcium (Ca) is more reactive than copper (Cu) on the reactivity series of metals. This means calcium has a stronger tendency to lose electrons.
* When calcium metal is added to a solution of copper sulfate, the calcium atoms donate electrons to the copper ions (Cu²⁺) in the solution.
* This causes the copper ions to be reduced to copper metal (Cu), which precipitates out of the solution as a reddish-brown solid.
* The calcium atoms become oxidized to calcium ions (Ca²⁺), which remain dissolved in the solution as calcium sulfate (CaSO₄).
Observations:
* You will observe a reddish-brown solid (copper metal) forming on the surface of the calcium metal.
* The blue color of the copper sulfate solution will gradually fade as the copper ions are consumed.
Key Points:
* The reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat.
* The reaction is driven by the difference in reactivity between calcium and copper.
* The formation of a solid product (copper) makes this a precipitation reaction.
Caution:
* This reaction should be performed with caution as it can be vigorous and generate heat.
* Wear appropriate safety gear, such as goggles and gloves.
* Conduct the experiment in a well-ventilated area.
