1. Write the balanced molecular equation:
3CuCl₂(aq) + 2(NH₄)₃PO₄(aq) → Cu₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6NH₄Cl(aq)
2. Write the complete ionic equation:
This involves breaking down all soluble ionic compounds into their respective ions:
3Cu²⁺(aq) + 6Cl⁻(aq) + 6NH₄⁺(aq) + 2PO₄³⁻(aq) → Cu₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6NH₄⁺(aq) + 6Cl⁻(aq)
3. Identify and cancel spectator ions:
Spectator ions are ions that appear on both sides of the equation and do not participate in the reaction. In this case, NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻ are spectator ions.
4. Write the net ionic equation:
The net ionic equation shows only the ions that participate in the reaction:
3Cu²⁺(aq) + 2PO₄³⁻(aq) → Cu₃(PO₄)₂(s)