1. SN2 reaction (with strong base and heat):
When chlorocyclohexane reacts with a strong base like sodium hydroxide in a polar aprotic solvent (like DMSO) and under heat, an SN2 reaction takes place. This results in the formation of cyclohexanol and sodium chloride:
```
C6H11Cl + NaOH → C6H11OH + NaCl
```
2. E2 reaction (with strong base and heat):
If the reaction is carried out at a higher temperature or with a very strong base, an E2 reaction can occur. This leads to the formation of cyclohexene as the major product, along with sodium chloride and water:
```
C6H11Cl + NaOH → C6H10 + NaCl + H2O
```
Factors influencing the reaction:
* Base strength: A stronger base favors elimination (E2).
* Temperature: Higher temperatures favor elimination (E2).
* Solvent: Polar aprotic solvents favor SN2 reactions, while protic solvents favor E2 reactions.
* Steric hindrance: Increased steric hindrance around the carbon bearing the halogen favors elimination (E2).
In summary:
- Under mild conditions, the main product is cyclohexanol (SN2 reaction).
- Under more vigorous conditions, the main product is cyclohexene (E2 reaction).
It's important to note that the reaction conditions can significantly influence the outcome of the reaction.
