Simple Compounds:
* Carbon monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas.
* Carbon dioxide (CO₂): A colorless, odorless gas that is a major greenhouse gas.
Larger Molecules:
* Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃): A weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. This is important in the regulation of blood pH.
* Sugars (carbohydrates): These contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in various ratios. Examples include glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
* Organic acids: These contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) where carbon is bonded to both oxygen and hydrogen. Examples include acetic acid (vinegar), citric acid (in citrus fruits), and lactic acid (in muscle tissue).
* Alcohols: These contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) where carbon is bonded to an oxygen atom. Examples include ethanol (drinking alcohol) and methanol.
* Ethers: These contain an oxygen atom linked to two carbon atoms. Examples include diethyl ether, a common solvent.
Inorganic compounds:
* Carbonates: These contain the carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻). Examples include calcium carbonate (limestone) and sodium carbonate (washing soda).
These are just a few examples of the many compounds that can be formed when carbon bonds with oxygen. The variety of these compounds is vast and contributes to the complexity and diversity of life on Earth.
