* Solid State: In its solid state, sodium oxide exists as a crystalline structure. The electrons in the compound are tightly bound within the ionic lattice, making it difficult for them to move freely and carry an electrical current.

* Dissolved in Water: When sodium oxide is dissolved in water, it undergoes a chemical reaction to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base. This reaction releases sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution. These ions are free to move about in the solution, allowing for the flow of electrical current.

Here's a breakdown of the process:

1. Dissolving: Na₂O + H₂O → 2NaOH

2. Ionization: The sodium hydroxide dissociates into ions: 2NaOH → 2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻

3. Conductivity: The free movement of these ions through the solution enables the conduction of electricity.

In summary: Sodium oxide itself is an ionic compound that doesn't conduct electricity in its solid form. However, when dissolved in water, it forms a solution containing free ions, which are responsible for its electrical conductivity.