* Mass: All substances have mass, meaning they take up space and have weight.

* Volume: All substances occupy space, meaning they have volume.

* Composition: All substances are made up of specific elements and/or compounds in definite proportions.

* Properties: All substances have unique physical and chemical properties that can be used to identify and distinguish them from other substances. These properties include:

* Physical Properties: These are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition. Examples include color, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness.

* Chemical Properties: These describe how a substance interacts with other substances, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include reactivity with acids, flammability, and oxidation.

While all substances have these fundamental characteristics, they differ in their specific composition and properties. This is what makes each substance unique.