The type of chemical reaction that produces smaller compounds is called decomposition.

Here's a breakdown:

* Decomposition reaction: A single reactant breaks down into two or more simpler products.

* Example:

* The decomposition of water (H₂O) into hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂):

2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂

Let me know if you'd like more examples or a deeper explanation of decomposition reactions!